01 - In a medium bowl, whisk together flour, baking soda, baking powder, ginger, cinnamon, cloves, nutmeg, and salt. Set aside.
02 - In a large mixing bowl, beat the softened butter and brown sugar together on medium speed until light and creamy, about 2 minutes.
03 - Add the egg, molasses, and vanilla extract. Mix until well combined and smooth.
04 - Gradually add the dry ingredients to the wet mixture, mixing on low speed until a thick, uniform dough forms.
05 - Divide dough into two equal portions. Flatten each into a disk, wrap in plastic wrap, and refrigerate for at least 1 hour or up to overnight.
06 - Preheat oven to 350°F. Line baking sheets with parchment paper.
07 - On a lightly floured surface, roll one portion of chilled dough to about 1/4 inch thickness.
08 - Cut into shapes with cookie cutters and place 1 inch apart on prepared baking sheets.
09 - Bake 8–10 minutes until edges are just starting to turn golden. Let cool 2 minutes on pan, then transfer to a wire rack to cool completely.
10 - Stir powdered sugar with 2–3 tbsp milk or water until smooth but not runny. Add more liquid for thinner consistency if desired.
11 - Decorate cookies with icing and sprinkles when fully cooled. Allow icing to set before serving or storing.